ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to Brazilian population aging, prevalence of aortic stenosis, and limited number of scores in literature, it is essential to develop risk scores adapted to our reality and created in the specific context of this disease. Methods: This is an observational historical cohort study with analysis of 802 aortic stenosis patients who underwent valve replacement at Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, from 1996 to 2018. With the aid of logistic regression, a weighted risk score was constructed based on the magnitude of the coeficients β of the logistic equation. Two performance statistics were obtained: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the chi-square (χ2) of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit with Pearson’s correlation coeficient between the observed events and predicted as a model calibration estimate. Results: The risk predictors that composed the score were valve replacement surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting, prior renal failure, New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure, age > 70 years, and ejection fraction < 50%. The receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.82); regarding the model calibration estimated between observed/predicted mortality, Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ2 = 3,70 (P=0.594) and Pearson’s coeficient r = 0.98 (P<0.001). Conclusion: We propose the creation of a simple score, adapted to the Brazilian reality, with good performance and which can be validated in other institutions.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência de atividade física dos escolares brasileiros e as associações com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, por meio da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) em suas quatro edições - 2009, 2012, 2015 e 2019. Foram usados dados dos escolares (13-17 anos) participantes das quatro edições da PeNSE (n = 392.922). Descrevemos o percentual de ativos, a média e valores percentuais da atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa em minutos/semana. A regressão de Poisson foi ajustada para sexo, idade, cor da pele, escore de bens e comportamento sedentário (≥ 2 horas/dia para assistir TV e ≥ 3 horas/dia de tempo sentado). Como limitação, a amostra da PeNSE/2009 refere-se apenas às capitais brasileiras. O percentual de ativos reduziu de 43,1% em 2009 para 18,2% em 2019. A média em atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa da PeNSE/2009 (média = 318,4 minutos/semana; IC95%: 313,4-323,4) reduziu 50% em 2019. Na educação física, a média semanal em atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa das meninas foi menor que 50 minutos, ao passo que a dos meninos foi maior que 60 minutos, nas quatro edições da PeNSE. Ainda, 22,7% das meninas relataram (PeNSE/2019) não ter tido aulas de educação física, enquanto o mesmo é relatado por 19,7% dos meninos. O comportamento sedentário sofreu redução no hábito de assistir TV, porém o tempo sentado aumentou de 50,1% (IC95%: 48,9-51,3) para 54% (IC95%: 53,1-54,9) entre a PeNSE/2009 e a PeNSE/2019. Como consequência da queda nos níveis de atividade física, são necessárias políticas públicas que promovam a atividade física, como aumentar as aulas de educação física na escola para, no mínimo, três vezes por semana.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the physical activity trend of Brazilian schoolchildren and the associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables by using the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) in its four editions - 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. Data from students (13-17 years old) participating in the four editions of the PeNSE (n = 392,922) were used. We describe the percentage of active, mean, and percentile values of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in minutes/week. Poisson’s regression was adjusted for gender, age, skin color, goods score, and sedentary behavior (≥ 2 hours/day watching TV and ≥ 3 hours/day sitting time). As a limitation, the PeNSE/2009 sample refers only to the Brazilian capital cities. The percentage of active students decreased from 43.1% in 2009 to 18.2% in 2019. The mean moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of PeNSE/2009 (mean = 318.4 minutes/week; 95%CI: 313.4-323.4) decreased 50% in 2019. In physical education, the weekly average in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of girls is less than 50 minutes and boys is greater than 60 minutes in the four editions of PeNSE, also 22.7% of girls reported (PeNSE/2019) not having taken physical education classes whereas the same thing is reported by 19.7% of boys. Sedentary behavior reduced regarding time watching TV, but sitting time increased by 50.1% (95%CI: 48.9-51.3) and 54% (95%CI: 53.1-54.9) between PeNSE/2009 and PeNSE/2019. As a consequence of the drop in physical activity levels, public policies that promote physical activity are necessary, including increasing physical education classes at school to at least three times a week.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia de la actividad física del alumnado brasileño y sus asociaciones con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de comportamiento mediante la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) en sus cuatro ediciones (de 2009, 2012, 2015 y 2019). Se utilizaron los datos del alumnado (13-17 años) que participó en las cuatro ediciones de la PeNSE (n = 392.922). Se describieron el porcentaje de valores activos, la media y los valores percentiles de actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa en minutos/semana. La regresión de Poisson se ajustó según sexo, edad, color de la piel, puntuación de activos y comportamiento sedentario (≥ 2 horas/día para ver televisión y ≥ 3 horas/día sentado). Como limitación, la muestra de la PeNSE/2009 se refiere únicamente a las capitales brasileñas. El porcentaje de activos disminuyó del 43,1% en 2009 al 18,2% en 2019. La media de actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de la PeNSE/2009 (media = 318,4 minutos/semana; IC95%: 313,4-323,4) tuvo una reducción de un 50% en 2019. En educación física, el promedio semanal en actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de las niñas fue menos de 50 minutos, y el de los niños llegó a 60 minutos en las cuatro ediciones de la PeNSE, además, el 22,7% de las niñas y el 19,7% de los niños (PeNSE/2019) informaron no haber tomado clases de educación física. Hubo una disminución en el comportamiento sedentario de ver televisión, pero el tiempo sentado aumentó del 50,1% (IC95%: 48,9-51,3) al 54% (IC95%: 53,1-54,9) entre la PeNSE/2009 y la PeNSE/2019. El descenso de los niveles de actividad física lleva a la necesidad de desarrollar políticas públicas que promuevan la actividad física, incluido el incremento de las clases de educación física en las escuelas al menos tres veces por semana.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to Brazilian population aging, prevalence of aortic stenosis, and limited number of scores in literature, it is essential to develop risk scores adapted to our reality and created in the specific context of this disease. Methods: This is an observational historical cohort study with analysis of 802 aortic stenosis patients who underwent valve replacement at Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, from 1996 to 2018. With the aid of logistic regression, a weighted risk score was constructed based on the magnitude of the coeficients β of the logistic equation. Two performance statistics were obtained: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the chi-square (χ2) of Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit with Pearson’s correlation coeficient between the observed events and predicted as a model calibration estimate. Results: The risk predictors that composed the score were valve replacement surgery combined with coronary artery bypass grafting, prior renal failure, New York Heart Association class III/IV heart failure, age > 70 years, and ejection fraction < 50%. The receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.82); regarding the model calibration estimated between observed/predicted mortality, Hosmer-Lemeshow test χ2 = 3,70 (P=0.594) and Pearson’s coeficient r = 0.98 (P<0.001). Conclusion: We propose the creation of a simple score, adapted to the Brazilian reality, with good performance and which can be validated in other institutions.

Abstract Background There are limited real-world data on the clinical course of untreated coronary lesions according to their functional severity. Objective To evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of patients with revascularized lesions with fractional flow reserve (FFR) ≤ 0.8 and patients with non-revascularized lesions with FFR > 0.8. Methods The FFR assessment was performed in 218 patients followed for up to 5 years. Participants were classified based on FFR into ischemia group (≤ 0.8, intervention group, n = 55), low-normal FFR group (> 0.8-0.9, n = 91), and high-normal FFR group (> 0.9, n = 72). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and need for repeat revascularization. The significance level was set at 0.05; therefore, results with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Most patients were male (62.8%) with a mean age of 64.1 years. Diabetes was present in 27%. On coronary angiography, the severity of stenosis was 62% in the ischemia group, 56.4% in the low-normal FFR group, and 54.3% in the high-normal FFR group (p<0.05). Mean follow-up was 3.5 years. The incidence of MACEs was 25.5%, 13.2%, and 11.1%, respectively (p=0.037). MACE incidence did not differ significantly between the low-normal and high-normal FFR groups. Conclusion Patients with FFR indicative of ischemia had poorer outcomes than those in non-ischemia groups. There was no difference in the incidence of events between the low-normal and high-normal FFR groups. Long-term studies with a large sample size are needed to better assess cardiovascular outcomes in patients with moderate coronary stenosis with FFR values between 0.8 and 1.0.

Resumo Fundamento Existem dados limitados sobre a evolução clínica de lesões coronarianas não tratadas de acordo com sua gravidade funcional no mundo real. Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os resultados clínicos de até 5 anos em pacientes com lesões revascularizadas com reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) ≤ 0,8 e em pacientes com lesões não revascularizadas com FFR > 0,8. Métodos A avaliação pelo FFR foi realizada em 218 pacientes seguidos por até 5 anos. Os participantes foram classificados com base na FFR no grupo isquêmico (≤ 0,8, grupo intervenção, n = 55), no grupo FFR normal-baixa (> 0,8-0,9, n = 91) e no grupo FFR normal-alta (> 0,9, n = 72). O desfecho primário foram eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAMs), um composto de morte, infarto do miocárdio e necessidade de nova revascularização. O nível de significância adotado neste estudo foi alfa = 0,05; deste modo, resultados com valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (62,8%) com média de idade de 64,1 anos. Diabetes estava presente em 27%. À angiografia coronariana, a gravidade da estenose avaliada foi de 62%, 56,4% e 54,3% nos grupos isquêmico, FFR normal-baixa e FFR normal-alta, respectivamente (p < 0,05). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 3,5 anos. A incidência ECAM foi de 25,5%, 13,2% e 11,1%, respectivamente (p = 0,037). Não houve diferença na incidência de ECAM entre os grupos FFR normal-baixa e FFR normal-alta (p = NS). Conclusão Pacientes com FFR indicativa de isquemia apresentaram piores desfechos quando comparados aos dos grupos não isquêmicos. Entre os grupos que apresentaram valores de FFR considerados normal-baixo e normal-alto, não houve diferença na incidência de eventos. Há necessidade de estudos de longo prazo e com grande número de pacientes para melhor avaliar os desfechos cardiovasculares em pacientes portadores de estenose coronariana moderada com valores de FFR entre 0,8 e 1,0.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the physical activity trend of Brazilian schoolchildren and the associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables by using the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) in its four editions - 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. Data from students (13-17 years old) participating in the four editions of the PeNSE (n = 392,922) were used. We describe the percentage of active, mean, and percentile values of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in minutes/week. Poisson’s regression was adjusted for gender, age, skin color, goods score, and sedentary behavior (≥ 2 hours/day watching TV and ≥ 3 hours/day sitting time). As a limitation, the PeNSE/2009 sample refers only to the Brazilian capital cities. The percentage of active students decreased from 43.1% in 2009 to 18.2% in 2019. The mean moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of PeNSE/2009 (mean = 318.4 minutes/week; 95%CI: 313.4-323.4) decreased 50% in 2019. In physical education, the weekly average in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of girls is less than 50 minutes and boys is greater than 60 minutes in the four editions of PeNSE, also 22.7% of girls reported (PeNSE/2019) not having taken physical education classes whereas the same thing is reported by 19.7% of boys. Sedentary behavior reduced regarding time watching TV, but sitting time increased by 50.1% (95%CI: 48.9-51.3) and 54% (95%CI: 53.1-54.9) between PeNSE/2009 and PeNSE/2019. As a consequence of the drop in physical activity levels, public policies that promote physical activity are necessary, including increasing physical education classes at school to at least three times a week.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia de la actividad física del alumnado brasileño y sus asociaciones con las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas y de comportamiento mediante la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) en sus cuatro ediciones (de 2009, 2012, 2015 y 2019). Se utilizaron los datos del alumnado (13-17 años) que participó en las cuatro ediciones de la PeNSE (n = 392.922). Se describieron el porcentaje de valores activos, la media y los valores percentiles de actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa en minutos/semana. La regresión de Poisson se ajustó según sexo, edad, color de la piel, puntuación de activos y comportamiento sedentario (≥ 2 horas/día para ver televisión y ≥ 3 horas/día sentado). Como limitación, la muestra de la PeNSE/2009 se refiere únicamente a las capitales brasileñas. El porcentaje de activos disminuyó del 43,1% en 2009 al 18,2% en 2019. La media de actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de la PeNSE/2009 (media = 318,4 minutos/semana; IC95%: 313,4-323,4) tuvo una reducción de un 50% en 2019. En educación física, el promedio semanal en actividad física de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de las niñas fue menos de 50 minutos, y el de los niños llegó a 60 minutos en las cuatro ediciones de la PeNSE, además, el 22,7% de las niñas y el 19,7% de los niños (PeNSE/2019) informaron no haber tomado clases de educación física. Hubo una disminución en el comportamiento sedentario de ver televisión, pero el tiempo sentado aumentó del 50,1% (IC95%: 48,9-51,3) al 54% (IC95%: 53,1-54,9) entre la PeNSE/2009 y la PeNSE/2019. El descenso de los niveles de actividad física lleva a la necesidad de desarrollar políticas públicas que promuevan la actividad física, incluido el incremento de las clases de educación física en las escuelas al menos tres veces por semana.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência de atividade física dos escolares brasileiros e as associações com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, por meio da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) em suas quatro edições - 2009, 2012, 2015 e 2019. Foram usados dados dos escolares (13-17 anos) participantes das quatro edições da PeNSE (n = 392.922). Descrevemos o percentual de ativos, a média e valores percentuais da atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa em minutos/semana. A regressão de Poisson foi ajustada para sexo, idade, cor da pele, escore de bens e comportamento sedentário (≥ 2 horas/dia para assistir TV e ≥ 3 horas/dia de tempo sentado). Como limitação, a amostra da PeNSE/2009 refere-se apenas às capitais brasileiras. O percentual de ativos reduziu de 43,1% em 2009 para 18,2% em 2019. A média em atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa da PeNSE/2009 (média = 318,4 minutos/semana; IC95%: 313,4-323,4) reduziu 50% em 2019. Na educação física, a média semanal em atividade física de intensidade moderada à vigorosa das meninas foi menor que 50 minutos, ao passo que a dos meninos foi maior que 60 minutos, nas quatro edições da PeNSE. Ainda, 22,7% das meninas relataram (PeNSE/2019) não ter tido aulas de educação física, enquanto o mesmo é relatado por 19,7% dos meninos. O comportamento sedentário sofreu redução no hábito de assistir TV, porém o tempo sentado aumentou de 50,1% (IC95%: 48,9-51,3) para 54% (IC95%: 53,1-54,9) entre a PeNSE/2009 e a PeNSE/2019. Como consequência da queda nos níveis de atividade física, são necessárias políticas públicas que promovam a atividade física, como aumentar as aulas de educação física na escola para, no mínimo, três vezes por semana.

Resumo O presente texto discute como o direito de retificar o prenome e gênero nos documentos oficiais, assegurado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) para as pessoas transexuais e travestis, pode ficar comprometido quando os/as operadores/as do sistema de justiça exigem tecnologias de gênero que agudizam uma passabilidade pautada em performatividades de gênero binárias da/na cisgeneridade.

Abstract The present text discusses how the rights to rectify the first name and gender in official documents, guaranteed by the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF) for transsexuals and travetis, can be compromised when the operators of the justice system demand gender technologies. that heighten a passability based on binary gender performativities of/in cisgenderness.

RESUMO Antecedentes: A Pandemia por COVID-19 tem trazido desafios subtanciais para a prática clínica no tratamento das doenças neuromusculares hereditárias (DNMh). A infecção não tem sido a única preocupação para os pacientes. O distanciamento social tem comprometido a assistência multidisciplinar, atividade física e tem trazido problemas mentais em decorrência do próprio isolamento. Nós apresentamos aqui um seguimento de 363 pacientes com DNMh de um centro terciário Brasileiro durante o pico da Pandemia de Covid-19. Objetivos: Mostrar a frequência e gravidade da infecção por Sars-Cov-2 em pacientes com DNMh e demonstrar os efeitos da pandemia nos hábitos de vida, na progressão da doença e no cuidado multidisciplinary. Métodos Trezentos e sessenta e três pacientes (58% homens and 42% mulheres) foram acompanhados por 3 meses através de 3 teleconsultas durante o pico da Pandemia de Covid-19 no Brasil. Resultados Houve um decréscimo no número de pacientes que faziam terapia física, respiratória e fonoaudiológica. Em muitos pacientes, o apetite (33%) e hábitos do sono (25%) se alteraram. Exercícios físicos e terapias foram interrompidas pela maioria dos pacientes. Physical exercises and therapies were interrupted for most of the patients. Eles relataram piora ou aparecimento de fadiga (17%), dor (17%), retrações (14%), e escoliose (7%). Irritabilidade, mudanças no sono, peso e apetite, sendo principalmente diminuição do apetite e peso foram mais frequentemente encontrados em pacientes que apresentaram piora clinica da doença. Houve uma baixa taxa de contaminação por Covid-19 (0.8%), e todos os pacientes infectado apresentaram quadro clinico leve. Conclusão O isolamento por si só se mostrou protetor na perspectiva de infecção por Covid-19, mas pode desencadear um cenário complexo com mudanças nos hábitos de vida e curso desfavorável da doença de base.

ABSTRACT Background The COVID-19 pandemic has brought substantial challenges for current practices in treating hereditary neuromuscular disorders (hNMDs). However, this infection has not been the only concern for these patients. Social distancing has compromised multidisciplinary assistance and physical activity, and has brought about several mental health issues. We presented a follow-up on 363 patients with hNMDs at a Brazilian tertiary center during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective We aimed to show the frequency and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection among hNMD patients and to demonstrate the effects of the pandemic on life habits, disease progression and multidisciplinary supportive care status. Methods Three hundred and sixty-three patients (58% male and 42% female) were followed for three months through three teleconsultations during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Results There were decreases in the numbers of patients who underwent physical, respiratory and speech therapies. For several patients, their appetite (33%) and sleep habits (25%) changed. Physical exercises and therapies were interrupted for most of the patients. They reported new onset/worsening of fatigue (17%), pain (17%), contractions (14%) and scoliosis (7%). Irritability and sleep, weight and appetite changes, and especially diminished appetite and weight loss, were more frequent in the group that reported disease worsening. There was a low COVID-19 contamination rate (0.8%), and all infected patients had a mild presentation. Conclusion The isolation by itself was protective from a COVID-19 infection perspective. However, this isolation might also trigger a complex scenario with life habit changes that are associated with an unfavorable course for the NMD.

RESUMO O jambu é uma erva condimentar usada no preparo de pratos típicos e fitoterápicos na região Amazônica. São utilizados as inflorescências, as folhas e os caules da planta. Além disso, o jambu possui inúmeras aplicações nas indústrias de cosméticos e alimentícia devido à presença do composto bioativo espilantol. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e fisiológico de genótipos de jambu, das espécies Acmella oleracea e Acmella ciliata, cultivados em hidroponia. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por genótipos de jambu (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 e UFR-8) coletados em diferentes localidades do estado do Pará. Foram avaliados o início do pendoamento, comprimento da rama principal, diâmetro da rama principal, área foliar, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca das inflorescências, massa fresca das raízes, massa fresca total, taxa de fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO2 e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. Os genótipos apresentaram comportamentos distintos em relação às características de crescimento, produtivas e fisiológicas. Os genótipos UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 e UFR-7 exibiram maior precocidade de floração. Em geral, genótipos da espécie A. oleracea apresentaram menor taxa de fotossíntese líquida se comparados aos da espécie A. ciliata. Os genótipos da A. oleracea apresentaram capacidade de acúmulo de massa fresca total, além de elevado potencial para produção de inflorescências. Destacaram-se os genótipos UFR-2 e UFR-4, pois apresentaram maiores produções de massa fresca da parte aérea e inflorescências, respectivamente. Portanto devem ser considerados em programas de melhoramento da cultura.

ABSTRACT Jambu is a condiment herb used in the preparation of typical and herbal dishes in the Amazon Region. The inflorescences, leaves, and stems of the plant are used. In addition, jambu has numerous applications in the cosmetics and food industries due to the presence of the bioactive compound spilanthol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and physiological performance of jambu genotypes of Acmella oleracea, and Acmella ciliata species grown in hydroponics. The experiment used was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of jambu genotypes (UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4, UFR-5, UFR-6, UFR-7 and UFR-8) collected in different locations in the state of Pará. We evaluated the beginning of flowering, length of the main branch, diameter of the main branch, leaf area, shoot fresh mass, inflorescence fresh mass, root fresh mass, total fresh mass, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, and instant carboxylation efficiency. The genotypes presented different behaviors about the productive and physiological growth characteristics. The genotypes UFR-1, UFR-2, UFR-3, UFR-4 and UFR-7 exhibited greater precocity of flowering. In general, genotypes of the species A. oleracea presented lower rate of net photosynthesis when compared to those of the species A. ciliata. The genotypes of A. oleracea showed total fresh mass accumulation capacity, in addition to a high potential for inflorescence production. The genotypes UFR-2 and UFR-4 stood out because they presented higher yields of shoots fresh mass and inflorescences, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes should be considered in crop improvement programs.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre os níveis de 25(OH)D3 e o desfecho fatal em pacientes acima de 60 anos submetidos a correção cirúrgica de fratura de quadril. Métodos: coorte prospectiva de pacientes submetidos a correção cirúrgica de fraturas de quadril. À admissão, foram medidos os níveis de 25(OH)D3, entre outros parâmetros. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por, pelo menos, um ano e a mortalidade foi registrada. Resultados: foram incluídos 209 pacientes no estudo, com média de idade de 79,5 ± 7,6 anos entre os sobreviventes e 80,7 ± 8,2 anos entre os que morreram no primeiro ano de pós-operatório (p=0,346). Os níveis de 25(OH)D3 dos sobreviventes foram significativamente maiores do que os dos pacientes que morreram (p=0,003). Após o ajuste para variáveis de confusão, níveis de 25(OH)D3 abaixo de 12,5ng/mL foram fator de risco significativo, independentemente da mortalidade (OR ajustado 7,6; IC 95% 2,35 24,56). Conclusões: níveis séricos de 25(OH)D3 abaixo de 12,5ng/mL aumentaram significativa e independentemente o risco de morte no primeiro ano após o reparo cirúrgico de fratura de quadril de baixa energia em pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade na região geográfica onde este estudo foi realizado. A albumina baixa também teve associação significativa com a mortalidade nesses pacientes. Todos os outros fatores não tiveram associações significativas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels and fatal outcome in patients over 60 years of age undergoing surgical repair of hip fractures. Methods: prospective cohort of patients undergoing surgical repair of hip fractures. At admission, 25(OH)D3 levels were measured, among other parameters. Patients were followed for at least 1 year, and incident mortality was recorded. Results: 209 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 79.5 ± 7.6 years among survivors and 80.7 ± 8.2 years among those who died in the first postoperative year (p=0.346). The 25(OH)D3 levels of survivors were significantly higher than those of patients who died (p=0.003). After adjusting for confounding variables, 25(OH)D3 levels below 12.5ng/mL were significant risk factors regardless of mortality (adjusted OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 2.35 to 24.56). Conclusions: our data show that serum 25(OH)D3 levels below 12.5ng/mL significantly and independently increased the risk of mortality in the first year after surgical repair of low-energy hip fracture in patients over 60 years of age in the geographic region where this study was conducted. Low albumin also showed a significant association with mortality in these patients. All other factors had no significant associations.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de intervenção educacional nas condições de risco à saúde com base na avaliação das condições higiênicas e na qualidade dos alimentos comercializados em cantinas escolares. Métodos Este é um estudo comunitário, controlado, paralelo, randomizado, dois braços. As escolas de Ensino Fundamental e Médio, públicas e privadas, que possuíam cantinas, foram convidadas a participar. Este estudo foi realizado em 27 cantinas escolares do norte e noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. Representantes da comunidade escolar das cantinas do grupo intervenção receberam um programa educacional composto por um treinamento a distância de 160 horas. Os principais desfechos avaliados foram avaliação das condições higiênicas e composição dos alimentos vendidos nas cantinas escolares. Todos os resultados foram analisados como intenção de tratar e per protocolo. Para análise dos dados contínuos, com distribuição normal, utilizou-se a análise de covariância e o Modelo Linear Generalizado. O nível de significância estatística considerado foi p<0,05 para um intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo intervenção e o grupo controle nos desfechos estudados. Houve redução de 76,2 pontos no escore das condições higiênicas de manipulação (IC 95%: -205 a 357; p=0,581). Em relação à composição dos cardápios, a diferença entre os grupos foi de 0,48% (IC 95%: -2,69 a 3,64; p=0,760) para os alimentos ultraprocessados, 0,23% (IC 95%: -1,13 a 1,60; p=0,740) para os alimentos processados e 1,02% (IC 95%: -2,59 a 4,64; p=0,581) para os alimentos in natura. Conclusão Não há evidências suficientes para concluir que a intervenção teve impacto positivo em nenhum dos desfechos estudados.

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the effect of an educational intervention program focused on health risk conditions, based on an assessment of the hygiene and quality of food sold in school cafeterias. Methods This is a controlled, parallel, randomized, two-arm, community study. Public and private schools with cafeterias were invited to participate. This study was conducted in 27 school cafeterias in northern and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, a state in southern Brazil. Representatives of the school communities in the intervention group received an educational program consisting of 160-hour distance training. The most relevant outcomes were the assessment of the hygienic conditions and composition of the menus sold in school cafeterias. All outcomes were analyzed as intention-to-treat and per-protocol. For the analysis of continuous data with normal distribution, an analysis of covariance and the Generalized Linear Model were used. The level of statistical significance considered was p<0.05 for a 95% CI. Results No statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention group and the control group in the studied outcomes. There was a reduction of 76.2 points in the score for hygienic handling conditions (95% CI: -205 to 357; p=0.581). Regarding menu composition, the difference between groups was 0.48% (95% CI: -2.69 to 3.64; p=0.760) for ultra-processed foods, 0.23% (95% CI: -1.13 to 1.60; p=0.740) for processed foods, and 1.02% (95% CI: -2.59 to 4.64; p=0.581) for fresh foods. Conclusion There is not enough evidence to conclude that the intervention had a positive impact on any of the outcomes studied.

Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) impacts the immunoexpression of type I collagen, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), thereby leading to micromorphological changes in the dentin-pulp complex (DPC), and promoting the onset and progression of radiation caries (RC). Twenty-two demineralized sections of carious teeth (a group of 11 irradiated teeth and a control group of 11 non-irradiated teeth) extracted from 19 head and neck cancer patients were analyzed by conventional optical microscopy and immunohistochemistry to investigate the micromorphology (cellular layer hierarchy, blood vessels, odontoblasts, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, calcification, necrosis, reactionary dentin formation, and chronic inflammation), and the patterns of staining/immunolocalization of type I collagen, BSP and BMP4 in the dental pulp of irradiated and control samples. No significant differences attributable to the direct impact of radiotherapy were detected in DPC micromorphology between the groups. In addition, the patterns of immunohistochemical staining and immunolocalization of the proteins studied did not differ between the irradiated and the control samples for type I collagen, BSP or BMP4. This study rejected the hypothesis that HNRT directly damages dentition by changing the organic components and the microstructure of the DPC, ultimately leading to RC.

Abstract Introduction: Stroke is a complication that causes considerable morbidity and mortality during the heart surgery postoperative period (incidence: 1.3 to 5%; mortality: 13 to 41%). Models for assessing the risk of stroke after heart surgery have been proposed, but most of them do not evaluate postoperative morbidity. The aim of this study was to develop a risk score for postoperative stroke in patients who undergo heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A cohort study was conducted with data from 4,862 patients who underwent surgery from 1996 to 2016. Logistic regression was used to assess relationships between risk factors and stroke. Data from 3,258 patients were used to construct the model. The model’s performance was then validated using data from the remainder of the patients (n=1,604). The model’s accuracy was tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The prevalence of stroke during the postoperative period was 3% (n=149); 59% of the patients who exhibited this outcome were male, 51% were aged ≥ 66 years, and 31.5% of the patients died. The variables that remained as independent predictors of the outcome after multivariate analysis were advanced age, urgent/emergency surgery, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, history of cerebrovascular disease, and cardiopulmonary bypass time ≥ 110 minutes. The area under the ROC curve was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.66 - 0.75). Conclusion: We were able to develop a risk score for stroke after heart surgery. This score classifies patients as low, medium, high, or very high risk of a surgery-related stroke.

Abstract Background Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) after cardiac surgery imposes a significant burden on the patient in terms of morbidity and financial hospital costs. Objective To develop a risk score model to predict prolonged MV in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods This was a historical cohort study of 4165 adult patients undergoing CABG between January 1996 and December 2016. MV for periods ≥ 12 hours was considered prolonged. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between risk predictors and prolonged MV. The variables were scored according to the odds ratio. To build the risk score, the database was randomly divided into 2 parts: development data set (2/3) with 2746 patients and internal validation data set (1/3) with 1419 patients. The final score was validated in the total database and the model's accuracy was tested by performance statistics. Significance was established at p < 0.05. Results Prolonged MV was observed in 783 (18.8%) patients. Predictors of risk were age ≥ 65 years, urgent/emergency surgery, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiopulmonary bypass time ≥ 120 minutes. The area under the ROC curve was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.64-0.68; p<0.001), the Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test was χ2: 3.38 (p=0.642), and Pearson's correlation was r = 0.99 (p<0.001), indicating the model’s satisfactory ability to predict the occurrence of prolonged MV. Conclusion Selected variables allowed the construction of a simplified risk score for daily practice, which may classify the patients as having low, moderate, high, and very high risk. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Resumen La construcción de carreteras al interior o en proximidad de áreas naturales ha sido identificada como una de las principales causas de perdida y fragmentación del hábitat en todo el mundo. En el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, dos corredores viales, en distintas etapas de desarrollo, comunican a la ciudad de Cali con el puerto de Buenaventura. Para evaluar y cuantificar los impactos que tienen estas carreteras en las poblaciones silvestres de fauna de la zona se desarrolló un proyecto de investigación en dos fases: modelación de corredores y validación en campo. Las interacciones entre las poblaciones de fauna silvestre y estos corredores viales fueron evaluadas y cuantificadas a partir del modelamiento de corredores con información proveniente de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) respaldados por datos tomados en campo sobre estructuras de drenaje, atropellamientos y registros de fototrampeo. Se identificaron cuatro zonas prioritarias de cruce para nueve especies de mamíferos. Tras evaluar 738 estructuras viales, se registraron 19 especies utilizando estas estructuras y 38 especies fueron atropelladas en ambas carreteras. Dichas vías difieren en estructuras y trazados, sin embargo, comparten sus problemáticas como la falta de estructuras viales preexistentes adecuadas para el paso de fauna, su uso como refugio y el desarrollo poco estructurado en su periferia son las causas del efecto de barrera que limita la conectividad y flujo génico de animales en esta zona.

Abstract Road construction in or near natural areas has been identified as a major cause of habitat loss and fragmentation worldwide. In the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, two road corridors in different stages of development run from the city of Cali to the Buenaventura seaport. A research project was developed in two phases to evaluate and quantify the impacts these roads have on the wild fauna populations in the area: corridor modeling and field validation. Interactions between wildlife populations and these road corridors were evaluated and quantified by modelling the corridors with information from geographic information systems (GIS) supported by field data on drainage structures, road traffic jams and photo-trapping records. Four priority crossing areas were identified for nine mammal species. After evaluating 738 road structures, 19 species were recorded using these road structures and 38 species were run over on both roads. These roads differ in structures and layouts, however, their problems are shared, such as the lack of pre-existing road structures suitable for the passage of fauna, their use as a refuge and the poorly structured development on their periphery are the causes of the barrier effect that limits connectivity and gene flow of animals in this area.

Resumo Objetivos: Descrever os resultados do teste do reflexo vermelho em recém-nascidos a termo. Identificar fatores associados ao resultado do teste do reflexo vermelho e comparar o tempo de internação entre pacientes com teste do reflexo vermelho duvidoso e normal. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo dos resultados do teste do reflexo vermelho feito em maternidade de hospital terciário entre 2014 e 2018. Foi ainda feito estudo de caso-controle aninhado para pesquisa de variáveis antropométricas, gestacionais e neonatais associadas ao resultado do teste do reflexo vermelho. Resultados: Foram identificados 121 casos de teste do reflexo vermelho duvidoso em 11.833 recém-nascidos. Foram confirmadas 16 alterações, 4 consideradas graves: 2 casos de glaucoma congênito, um de catarata e um de coloboma. As médias de peso de nascimento (p = 0,04), comprimento (p = 0,03) e perímetro cefálico (p = 0,02) foram menores nos pacientes com teste do reflexo vermelho duvidoso, entretanto sem um tamanho de efeito relevante (d = -0,21; -0,22 e -0,25; respectivamente). A proporção de pacientes brancos, pardos e negros foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos (p < 0,001), com maior chance de resultado duvidoso para pardos (OR = 2,22) e negros (OR = 3,37) em comparação a brancos. O teste do reflexo vermelho duvidoso levou a um aumento no tempo de internação de 62 para 82 horas (p < 0,001). Conclusões: O teste do reflexo vermelho foi capaz de identificar 4 alterações graves em 11.833 recém-nascidos (0,03%). Nos 121 recém-nascidos em que o teste do reflexo vermelho foi classificado como duvidoso, houve aumento de 20 horas no tempo de internação hospitalar, porém se confirmou alteração grave em apenas 3,3% deles. Diferenças no reflexo vermelho entre brancos, pardos e negros devem ser consideradas.

Abstract Objectives: Describe the results of the red reflex test in full-term newborns, as well as identify factors associated with red reflex test outcome and compare hospital length of stay between patients with inconclusive and normal red reflex test results. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of the results of the red reflex test performed in a tertiary hospital maternity unit between 2014 and 2018. A nested case-control study was also performed to search for anthropometric, gestational, and neonatal variables associated with the outcome of the red reflex test. Results: There were121 identified cases of inconclusive red reflex test in 11,833 newborns. Sixteen alterations were confirmed, four considered severe: two cases of congenital glaucoma, one of cataract, and one of coloboma. Mean birth weight (p = 0.04), length (p = 0.03), and head circumference (p = 0.02) were lower in patients with inconclusive red reflex test; however without a relevant effect size (d = −0.21, −0.22, and −0.25, respectively).The proportion of white, mixed-race, and black patients was significantly different between the groups (p < 0.001), with a higher chance of inconclusive results in mixed-race (OR = 2.22) and black (OR = 3.37) patients when compared to whites. An inconclusive red reflex test led to an increase in hospital length of stay from 62 to 82 hours (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The red reflex test was able to identify four severe alterations in 11,833 newborns (0.03%). In the 121 newborns in which the red reflex test was classified as inconclusive, there was a 20-hour increase in the hospital length of stay, but a severe alteration was confirmed in only 3.3% of them. Differences in red reflex between white, mixed-race, and black patients should be considered.